Busting a Persistent Myth
It's an idea that's been around for generations: if you go outside in the cold without a coat, you'll get sick. Many people associate the winter months with a higher chance of catching a cold and point to the cold weather as the culprit. But is that justified? Let's dissect this myth and understand why cold isn't the direct cause of colds.
What actually causes a cold?
Colds are caused by viruses, such as rhinovirus, that infect the upper respiratory tract. So it's not the outside temperature but exposure to these viruses that determines whether you get sick. Cold viruses spread via airborne droplets, direct contact with contaminated surfaces or hands, and then touching your face.
Why do we seem to get colds more often in winter?
Although the weather itself isn't the cause, there are indirect factors that contribute to the increase in colds during the colder months:
- More time indoors: In winter people spend more time in poorly ventilated spaces close together, which increases the chance that viruses will spread.
- Dry air: Cold air, especially when heated indoors, is drier. Dry air can dry out the mucous membranes in your nose, making them less effective at repelling viruses.
- Lower resistance: Some studies suggest the body may become more susceptible to infections at low temperatures, for example due to reduced blood flow to the mucous membranes.
What is the origin of the myth?
The link between cold and illness probably dates back to times when people had less knowledge of microbiology. A wet coat or numb fingers seemed logically connected to developing symptoms like sneezing and coughing. In addition, old sayings like “you must dress warmly, otherwise you'll get sick” reinforced the idea that cold is directly responsible for illness.
How do you really prevent a cold?
The best thing you can do to avoid a cold is prevent the spread of viruses. Here are some tips:
- Wash your hands regularly with soap and water, especially after contact with crowded places.
- Avoid touching your face, especially your nose, mouth and eyes.
- Ventilate your home to increase humidity and let fresh air in.
- Stay healthy by getting enough sleep, eating healthily and exercising regularly. A well-functioning immune system helps you defend better against viruses.
Conclusion
While it's understandable that cold weather and colds are associated, it's important to remember that cold itself doesn't create viruses. The rise in colds in winter is more due to behavioral and environmental factors. By being aware of how cold viruses spread, you can better protect yourself — regardless of the temperature outside. So put on a warm coat to keep comfortable, but know that it doesn't directly prevent or cause you to get sick.
